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Objects & worship

Ephod

A priestly garment, especially associated with the high priest.

Also called · priestly ephod

What it means

In Exodus 28, Aaron’s ephod is woven with gold, colored thread, and fine linen. Two stones on its shoulders bear the names of Israel’s twelve sons, six on each. The breastplate of judgment is attached to it.

First Samuel 2 describes young Samuel serving in a linen ephod. In 2 Samuel 6, David dances before the ark in a linen ephod. These passages do not establish that every ephod had the same elaborate form as Aaron’s.

How it appears in the Bible

In 1 Samuel 23, David asks the priest Abiathar to bring the ephod. He then asks God whether Saul will come to Keilah and whether the city’s people will hand him over.

Translation note

The selected edition retains the name ephod in Exodus 28 and 1 Samuel 23.